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Transcription
  • mRNA Synthesis: The first step of protein synthesis is transcription, during which messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized within the nucleus. This process involves the creation of an mRNA copy from the genetic information contained within a cell's DNA. The mRNA serves as a template for the subsequent step of protein synthesis and carries the genetic code for a specific gene out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm where it is used to produce proteins.
Translation
  • Ribosome Attachment: The second step of protein synthesis is translation, which takes place in the cytoplasm. The mRNA, along with transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomes, work together to produce polypeptides. Ribosomes play a crucial https://ayushrishihealthcare.com/bmk-methyl-glycidate-a-prelude-to-organic-synthesis role in this process, as they consist of two subunits containing ribosomal RNA that enclose the mRNA and catalyze the formation of the amide linkages in the growing protein.
  • Amino Acid Assembly: The process of amino acid assembly occurs within the ribosome, where a specific tRNA attaches to each specific amino acid and brings the amino acid to the mRNA for incorporation into the growing protein chain in the proper sequence. This step involves the initiation, elongation, and termination of the polypeptide chain, ultimately leading to the completion of the protein synthesis process.
Protein Folding and Modification
  • Polypeptide Folding: Once the synthesis of the polypeptide chain is complete, the polypeptide chain folds to adopt a specific structure, enabling the protein to carry out its functions. The primary structure of a protein is simply the polypeptide chain, which is a sequence of covalently bonded amino acids. The folding process is crucial for the proper conformation and function of proteins, including those destined for the cell membrane.
Other Considerations
  • Differences Between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes: While protein synthesis is a very similar process for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, there are some distinct differences, such as the initiation of protein synthesis and the presence of ribosome-binding sites in eukaryotic mRNA.

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