They not only organize money circulation and credit relations. Through them, the financing of the national economy, the sale and purchase of securities, and in some cases mediation transactions and property management are carried out. Credit institutions consult, participate in the discussion of legislative, national economic programs, keep statistics, and have their own auxiliary enterprises. The impression is not about the specifics, but about the many-sided essence of the bank. The category of its activities includes its types, which can be performed by other institutions.
The disclosure of the essence of the bank can be approached from two sides: legal and economic. In the first case, the concept of "banking operations" acquires its initial meaning. Their list includes those that, in accordance with the law, relate exclusively to banking activities.
Despite the importance of the legal aspect, the problem of the essence of the bank remains open. Finding out the essence is not only the correlation of the bank's activities with the law. It is not the legal law that determines the essence of the bank as such, not the operations it is allowed to perform, but the economic side of the matter, the nature of the bank, which gives it the legislative right to carry out the relevant transactions.
In the process of analyzing the essence of a bank, it is important not to lose historical patterns, to take into account stable, traditional transactions noted earlier (safe operation, currency exchange, lending, settlements), to highlight, on the other hand, those that were introduced by the economic situation, the features of a certain stage of public development. In general, knowledge of the essence of the bank, like any other phenomenon, requires an answer not to questions about what it does, what operations it performs or performed, but about what qualities it has that express its essential certainty and isolation.
Thus, the bank as a specific enterprise that produces a product that differs significantly from the product of the sphere of material production, it produces not only goods, but a special kind of goods in the form of money, means of payment, that is, it provides services to its customers
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