Original title: Precautions for use of molecular distillation method In Wuxi
Shengze refrigeration and heating temperature control system, it is used in
molecular distillation method. Then, what should we pay attention to in the use
of molecular distillation method? Can users understand clearly? If the molecular
distillation method cannot be vacuumized,
jacketed glass reactor, check whether
each joint and interface are sealed, whether the sealing ring and sealing
surface are effective,
thin film
distillation, whether the vacuum grease between the main shaft and the
sealing ring is properly coated, whether there is air leakage in the vacuum pump
and its hose, and whether there are cracks,
molecular
distillation systems ,
wiped film
evaporator, cracks and damages in the glass parts. Before installation, the
ground mouth, sealing surface, sealing ring and joint of the molecular
distillation method shall be coated with a layer of vacuum grease. Water must be
added to the heating tank before it is powered on. Dry heating without water is
not allowed. Screw it into the safety hole to prevent damage to the flask. Glass
parts should be handled with care. They should be washed, dried or dried before
installation. The heater of molecular distillation method must be equipped with
a safety valve. The steam pressure in the heater shall not exceed 0.01 Mpa. The
safety valve shall be checked frequently to see if there is any fault. Do not be
careless. In any case, the steam valve shall be closed when the machine is
stopped. When the molecular distillation circulating pump fails and stops
running, the steam shall be shut down immediately, and the operation of the
molecular distillation pump, whether the oil level is normal and the amount of
cooling water shall be checked frequently. Regularly observe the motor current
and motor temperature of each equipment in the molecular distillation method. It
is strictly prohibited to cut off any part of the material in the molecular
distillation method under any circumstances. The liquid level of the evaporator
should be adjusted slowly and should not be too large or too small. When the
ambient temperature of the equipment is below 0 ℃, the accumulated water in the
equipment and its pipeline should be drained to avoid freezing or blocking the
pipeline. If the molecular distillation method is used improperly, it may lead
to certain failures of the molecular distillation method. Therefore,
decarboxylation
after extraction, attention should be paid to the above operations in the
operation of molecular distillation. (This article comes from the network, if
there is infringement, please contact to delete.) Return to Sohu to see more
Responsible Editor:.
toptiontech.com
Original title: What should we pay attention to when using the reactor for
cooling? When using the reactor cooling device, the user needs to pay attention
to its refrigeration and heating operation, and pay attention to the operation
within a reasonable temperature range, so as to avoid the reactor cooling
failure caused by excessive temperature and pressure. Therefore, we need to
understand clearly some points for attention in use. The heat transfer jacket
for temperature reduction and cooling of the reaction kettle is generally made
of common carbon steel, and is a container which is sleeved outside the barrel
of the reactor to form a sealed space, so that the heat transfer jacket is
simple and convenient. The jacket is provided with an inlet and an outlet for
water vapor,
50l
rotovap, cooling water or other heating and cooling media. (If the heating
medium is water vapor, the inlet pipe shall be close to the upper end of the
jacket, and the condensate shall be discharged from the bottom; if the heat
transfer medium is liquid,
rotovap
distillation, the inlet pipe shall be placed at the bottom, and the liquid
shall enter from the bottom and flow out from the top, so that the heat transfer
medium can fill the whole jacket space. Sometimes, for larger vessels, in order
to obtain better heat transfer effect,
jacketed
glass reactor ,
wiped film
distillation, a spiral guide plate is installed in the jacket space to
reduce the flow area of the fluid in the jacket, improve the flow speed of the
fluid and avoid short circuit, but the structure is more complex. When the
diameter of the kettle is large or the pressure of the heat transfer medium is
high, the welded semi-circular spiral pipe or spiral angle steel structure is
often used to replace the jacketed structure. In this way, not only the flow
velocity of the heat transfer medium can be increased and the heat transfer
effect can be improved, but also the compressive strength and rigidity outside
the reactor can be improved. After the cooling operation of the reaction kettle,
water cooling (exothermic reaction) or air cooling can be carried out. The
needle valve system is sealed. Only by slightly rotating the valve needle and
pressing the cover tightly, good sealing can be achieved. It is forbidden to use
excessive force to avoid damaging the sealing surface. After the reaction is
finished, cooling is firstly carried out, then the high-pressure gas in the
kettle is released, the pressure is reduced to normal pressure, and then the
bolts are symmetrically and equally unscrewed and disassembled. Special
attention shall be paid to the protection of the sealing surface during the
removal of the cover. After each cooling operation of the reaction kettle, the
residues on the kettle body and the kettle cover shall be removed. All sealing
surfaces on the reaction kettle shall be cleaned frequently and kept dry. It is
not allowed to use hard objects or soft objects with rough surface for cleaning.
The agitator shall be disassembled for cleaning. The height of the cooling
jacket of the reactor is determined by the heat transfer area, which is
determined by the process requirements. However, it should be noted that the
height of the jacket is generally not lower than the height of the feed liquid,
and it should be about 50 ~ 100 mm higher than the liquid level in the reactor
to ensure sufficient heat transfer. Various types of reactors are available for
reactor cooling, so users must select the model according to their own working
conditions in the early stage of selection, so as to avoid the situation of too
large or too small selection. This article source network,
winterization
filtration, if has the right infringement, please contact Wuxi crown Asia to
delete, thanks. Return to Sohu to see more Responsible Editor:.
toptiontech.com
Original Title: Introduction to Air Dryer of Air Conditioning System in Rail
Train Chengdu Jinniu Refrigeration Network The basic principle of the air dryer
is that the adsorption process is an equilibrium reaction, that is, the humidity
between the adsorbent (desiccant) and the compressed air in contact with it
tends to be balanced, and when the compressed air with high relative humidity
contacts with the surface of the adsorbent, because the adsorbent has a large
number of micropores, the contact area with the air is large. The adsorbent can
adsorb a large amount of water vapor molecules of the compressed air quickly to
achieve the purpose of drying the compressed air; The regeneration process is
also an equilibrium reaction. The purge gas used for adsorbent regeneration is
obtained by expanding the compressed air with higher pressure. During expansion,
the air volume increases and the pressure decreases, and the relative humidity
of the purge gas obtained is lower, so it is easy to "take away" the adsorbed
water vapor molecules on the adsorbent, so that the adsorbent can be restored to
a dry state to achieve the purpose of regeneration. It is characterized by
adsorption under pressure and regeneration under atmosphere or negative
pressure. Therefore, for any kind of adsorbent,
rotary
vacuum evaporator, the relationship between it and the adsorbed water vapor
is that the lower the temperature and the higher the pressure, the more water
will be adsorbed per unit of adsorbent, and vice versa. Its principle is simply
called "pressure adsorption and heatless regeneration". Commonly used adsorbents
are: silica gel, alumina, activated carbon and molecular sieves. Chengdu Jinniu
Refrigeration Network The basic principle of the air dryer is that the
adsorption process is an equilibrium reaction,
thin
film distillation, that is, the humidity between the adsorbent (desiccant)
and the compressed air in contact with it tends to be balanced, and when the
compressed air with high relative humidity contacts with the surface of the
adsorbent, because the adsorbent has a large number of micropores, the contact
area with the air is large. The adsorbent can adsorb a large amount of water
vapor molecules of the compressed air quickly to achieve the purpose of drying
the compressed air; The regeneration process is also an equilibrium reaction.
The purge gas used for adsorbent regeneration is obtained by expanding the
compressed air with higher pressure. During expansion, the air volume increases
and the pressure decreases. The relative humidity of the purge gas obtained is
low, so it is easy to "take away" the adsorbed water vapor molecules on the
adsorbent, so that the adsorbent can be restored to a dry state and the purpose
of regeneration can be achieved. It is characterized by adsorption under
pressure and regeneration under atmosphere or negative pressure. Therefore,
nutsche
filter dryer ,
cbd
centrifugal extractor, for any kind of adsorbent, the relationship between
it and the adsorbed water vapor is that the lower the temperature and the higher
the pressure, the more water will be adsorbed per unit of adsorbent, and vice
versa. Its principle is simply called "pressure adsorption and heatless
regeneration". Commonly used adsorbents are: silica gel, alumina, activated
carbon and molecular sieves. One. Single tower air dryer 1． Structural
composition Single-tower (also called single-cylinder) air dryer is a kind of
dryer without heat regeneration, and its structure is shown in Figure 2-11. It
is characterized in that the adsorption and regeneration of the adsorbent are
carried out in the same drying cylinder. It is composed of oil-water separator,
drying cylinder, drain valve, electro-pneumatic valve, regeneration air cylinder
and silencer. In the oil-water separator, there are many "Raschig" rings (a
small cylinder with seams made of aluminum or copper sheets), and the dryer is a
large mesh-like cylinder filled with granular adsorbent. Expand the full text
Two. Twin-tower air dryer Compared with the DC drive vehicle, the air compressor
selected for the AC drive vehicle has a smaller displacement, and the gap
between its stops cannot meet the time required for the regeneration of the
single-tower dryer, so the double-tower air dryer is selected. The
dehumidification principle of double-tower (also known as double-drum) air dryer
is exactly the same as that of single-tower, except that it is equipped with two
drying towers that take turns to dehumidify, which can continuously output dry
compressed air. Three. Membrane Dryer (I) Function, structure and working
principle of dryer system The dryer system comprises a membrane dryer and a
front three-stage filter. Pre-filter: The dryer system is provided with a
three-stage pre-filter which is a mechanical steam-water separator in turn; A
precision filter with a filtration precision of 1 μm; Ultrafine filter with a
filtration precision of 0.01 μm. Working Principle of Dewatering Membrane of
Membrane Dryer Drying process of film Factors Affecting the Drying Effect of
Membrane Dryer Air flow rate: fast air flow rate, high flow rate, high air
pressure. Air pressure: the higher the pressure is, the drier the blowback air
is. Inlet temperature: the lower the dew point of the inlet pressure, the drier
the outlet air. Blowback amount: the larger the blowback amount is, the drier
the outlet air is. Thank you for reading this message. We will share some dry
knowledge about refrigeration, heating, fresh air and water purification. We
will also share some interesting things around us. Friends who like it can pay
attention to our WeChat subscription number of the same name "Chengdu Taurus
Refrigeration". At the same time, I wish you a good mood today. Thank you for
reading this message. We will share some dry knowledge about refrigeration,
wiped
film distillation, heating, fresh air and water purification. We will also
share some interesting things around us. Friends who like it can pay attention
to our WeChat subscription number of the same name "Chengdu Taurus
Refrigeration". At the same time, I wish you a good mood today. Return to Sohu
to see more Responsible Editor:.
toptiontech.com
Original Title: Chemical Properties of Titanium Rod and Titanium Electrode
Chemical Properties of Titanium Rod and Titanium Electrode Titanium is a very
corrosion-resistant metal. The thermodynamic data of titanium show that titanium
is a very thermodynamically unstable metal. If titanium can be dissolved to form
Ti2 +, its standard electrode potential is very negative (-1.63 V), and its
surface is always covered with a passive oxide film. In this way, the stable
potential of titanium is stably biased to a positive value, for example, the
stable potential of titanium in seawater at 25.d egree. C. is about + 0.09 V.
Standard electrode potentials corresponding to a series of titanium electrode
reactions are available in chemistry handbooks and textbooks. It is worth
pointing out that, in fact, these data are not directly measured, but often can
only be calculated from thermodynamic data, and because of the different sources
of data, it is not surprising that there are different data for several
different electrode reactions that may be expressed at the same time. The
electrode potential data of the electrode reaction of titanium show that the
surface of titanium is very active and is usually covered with an oxide film
formed naturally in air. Therefore,
titanium seamless tube, the excellent
corrosion resistance of titanium is due to the fact that there is always a layer
of stable, adhesive and protective oxide film on the surface of titanium. In
fact, the stability of this natural oxide film determines the corrosion
resistance of titanium, including titanium rods,
titanium
round bar, titanium wires and titanium plates of titanium and titanium
alloys. Of course, the corrosion resistance of various brands is different. We
have talked about it in the previous content of the website, so I will not say
more today. In theory, the P/B ratio of the protective oxide film must be
greater than 1. If it is less than 1, the oxide film can not completely cover
the metal surface, so it is impossible to play a protective role. If this ratio
is too large, the compressive stress in the oxide film will increase
accordingly, which will easily cause the rupture of the oxide film and will not
play a protective role. The P/B ratio of titanium varies with the composition
and structure of the oxide film,
titanium filler
rod ,
Titanium welding
pipe, ranging from 1 to 2.5. From this basic point of view, the oxide film
of titanium can have better protection performance. When the titanium surface is
exposed to the atmosphere or aqueous solution, a new oxide film will be
automatically formed immediately. For example, the thickness of the oxide film
in the atmosphere at room temperature is 1.2 ~ 1.6 nm, and it increases with
time. After 70 days, it naturally increases to 5 nm, and after 545 days, it
gradually increases to 8 ~ 9 nm. Artificially enhanced oxidation conditions
(such as heating, using an oxidant or anodizing, etc.) Can accelerate the growth
of the surface oxide film and obtain a relatively thick oxide film, thereby
improving the corrosion resistance of titanium. Therefore, the corrosion
resistance of titanium can be significantly improved by anodic oxidation and
thermal oxidation. Now our customers have made many similar products with our
titanium rods and wires, which shows that this is the way to work. The oxide
film of titanium (including thermal oxide film or anodic oxide film) is usually
not a single structure, and the composition and structure of its oxide vary with
the formation conditions. In general, the interface between the oxide film and
the environment may be TiO2, while the interface between the oxide film and the
metal may be dominated by TiO. That is to say, the surface of the titanium rod
we produced is TiO2, and the interface between the metal and the oxide film is
TiO. This, of course, includes titanium plates, titanium alloy forgings are the
same, and the surface of titanium alloy bars is more complex. However, whether
pure titanium rod, titanium alloy rod or titanium alloy wire, there are
transition layers of different valence States in the middle, even
non-stoichiometric oxides, which indicates that the oxide film of titanium
material has a multi-layer structure. As for the formation process of this oxide
film,
ti6al4v
eli, it can not be simply understood as the direct reaction between titanium
and oxygen (or oxygen in the air). Various mechanisms have been proposed by many
researchers. In the former Soviet Union, workers believed that the hydride was
formed first, and then a passive oxide film was formed on the hydride. Return to
Sohu to see more Responsible Editor:.
yunchtitanium.com
Original Title: [Blue Book of Medical Devices] Current Situation and Development
Trend of Orthopedic Implant Industry in China [Editor's Note] This article is
excerpted from China Medical Device Industry Development Report (2021) B14,
written by Xu Shufu, General Manager of Zhengtian Business Department of Beijing
Natong Technology Group Co., Ltd., and Li Renyao, General Manager of
Orthopaedics Department of Beijing Natong Technology Group Co., Ltd. [Abstract]
The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 at the end of 2019 has caused great losses to
the global medical device market, brought new opportunities and development
directions, and promoted the transformation of the medical device industry from
low-end to high-end. On the one hand, companies have increased their investment
in technological innovation, on the other hand, the smart medical model has
gained unprecedented opportunities for development in the epidemic. At the same
time, in 2020, all provinces in China will carry out purchasing with quantity,
change the profit structure, and then promote the adjustment of market structure
and the centralization of the industry. The promulgation of a series of
regulations on the supervision of medical devices and the implementation of the
unique identification code (UDI) of medical devices indicate the improvement of
the supervision of medical devices and the tightening of quality control in
China, while the registration certificate holder system brings new opportunities
for the development of medical device companies, especially new companies. In
2020, China's orthopedic medical device market reached 29.8 billion yuan, and
the localization rates of trauma, spine and joint reached 72%, 54% and 47%
respectively. With the maturity of domestic enterprises'technology, the
localization rate will be further improved, and innovation is still the source
of power for the sustainable development of orthopaedic medical device market in
China. [Key words] aging; localization rate; purchasing with quantity; digital
orthopaedics [Good News]: Report on the Development of China's Medical Device
Industry (2021), the fifth volume of the Blue Book of Medical Devices, was
created by the China Institute of Drug Administration and published by the
Social Sciences Academic Press, with Wang Baoting and Geng Hongwu as the chief
editors and Yu Qingming, Jiang Haihong and Li Qiang as the deputy editors. The
report was published in September. (Text below) The "14th Five-Year Plan" put
forward by the Fifth Plenary Session of the Nineteenth Central Committee points
out the direction for the development of China's medical device industry, and
also puts forward higher requirements. With the promulgation of a series of
government policies, regulations and regulations, including the Outline of the
"Healthy China" 2030 Plan, the Regulations on the Supervision and Administration
of Medical Devices, the Notice on the Pilot Work of Expanding the Medical Device
Registrant System, and the Pilot Work Program of the Medical Device Unique
Identification System, we have strengthened the supervision of medical devices.
It also provides a good external environment for the innovation and development
of medical devices from the policy aspect. Based on the objective environmental
factors and policy guidance, this paper focuses on the research and analysis of
the development situation, hot spots, new technologies and trends of orthopaedic
medical device industry in 2020, in order to provide reference for the healthy
and sustainable development of the industry. I. Overview of China's Orthopaedic
Medical Devices Market in 2020 (I) Market Overview Expand the full text Large
population base and aging population are the basic national conditions of China
at the present stage. In 2022, the population over 65 years old will account for
14% of the total population, and will reach 28% by the middle of this century
[2]. The elderly are a high-risk group with low bone mass, and osteoporosis is
an important factor leading to fracture. In bone-related orthopedic diseases
(such as osteoarthritis, vertebral compression fracture, osteoporosis, etc.),
the elderly account for nearly 50%, and in fracture patients, the elderly
account for 1/3. In the future, the number of orthopedic patients in China will
continue to grow with the increase of the elderly. With the modern working
lifestyle, the improvement of quality of life and the expansion of sports
groups, the probability of orthopaedic injuries is also increasing, including
fractures caused by traffic accidents, cervical and lumbar diseases, soft tissue
injuries and so on. China's GDP ranks second in the world and grows fastest, but
in terms of government health expenditure, China accounts for less than 5% of
GDP, while the United States accounts for 16.9% of its GDP [3]. With the
proposal of "Healthy China", our government has accelerated the promotion of the
universal health insurance system, and the proportion of health expenditure will
continue to increase. With the expansion of patient scale and the coverage of
medical insurance payment, it is foreseeable that the orthopaedic market in
China will continue to expand in the future. In recent years, with the release
of a series of policies and regulations, our government adjusts the
contradiction between the growing demand of patients and the supply of medical
devices through macro-control, so as to maximize the limited resources to serve
the people. Especially for domestic leading enterprises, based on the low degree
of centralization of Chinese enterprises, under the promotion of a series of
policies such as "two-invoice system" and purchasing with quantity, fee control,
price reduction and domestic penetration will promote the centralization of
leading enterprises in the industry. This is the best opportunity for China's
orthopaedic implant industry to upgrade and penetrate the domestic market. While
strengthening the innovation and development of medical devices, we should also
strengthen the strict supervision of medical devices. China will grasp the
healthy and sustainable development of medical devices from the perspective of
encouragement and supervision. (II) Industry segmentation In 2020, China's
orthopedic implant market reached 29.8 billion yuan, an increase of 10% over the
previous year. The main segments are trauma, spine, joint and sports medicine
(see Table 1). According to the information published on the website of the
National Medical Products Administration, a total of 237 orthopaedic Class II
and Class III registration certificates were approved in 2020, including 202
domestic (including Hong Kong and Taiwan) and 35 imported [4]. 1. Trauma In
2020, a total of 76 registration certificates were approved by NMPA,
titanium
exhaust tubing, including 74 domestic ones and 2 imported ones. Affected by
the COVID-19 epidemic, the growth rate of the trauma market, which is dominated
by elective surgery, such as spine and joints, has slowed down significantly.
Imported trauma showed a negative growth due to factors such as the third-level
hospitals as the main line-ups for anti-epidemic and the purchase of trauma
belts. In the domestic trauma market in 2020, imports accounted for 28%, with a
growth rate of -5%; domestic products accounted for 72%, with a growth rate of
13%. In the future, degradable material solutions will be the main development
direction of the trauma market. 2. Spine In 2020, 71 registration certificates
were approved by NMPA, including 61 domestic and 10 imported. In 2020, there was
no provincial-level purchase with quantity in the domestic spine market, and the
joint market was less affected by price reduction. Also affected by the novel
coronavirus epidemic and the anti-epidemic of the third-level first-class
hospitals, the imported spine showed a negative growth. In the domestic spine
market in 2020, imports accounted for 46%, with a growth rate of -2%; domestic
products accounted for 54%, with a growth rate of 22%. In recent years,
microscopic fusion, 3D printing and navigation robots have become the focus of
attention in the field of spine, and are also the key development direction of
spine in the future. 3. Joints In 2020, there were 54 registration certificates
approved by NMPA, including 43 domestic ones and 11 imported ones; 37
registration certificates related to hip joints, 11 registration certificates
related to knee joints and 6 others. Joints account for the highest share in the
field of orthopaedic subdivision. As joint surgery is mainly elective surgery,
the number of joint surgery has been steadily increased with the improvement of
epidemic control. Affected by the price reduction of purchasing in Yunnan,
Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang,
titanium
round bar, the growth rate of the joint market has slowed down to a certain
extent. In the domestic joint market in 2020, imports accounted for 53%, with a
growth rate of 4%; domestic products accounted for 47%, with a growth rate of
16%. In the future, it will be one of the trends in the joint market to increase
market share through digital solutions, including robot-assisted surgery. 4.
Sports medicine In 2020, Yunyi obtained a total of 32 registration certificates
approved by NMPA, including 23 domestic ones and 9 imported ones. Sports
medicine is the fastest growing segment of the orthopaedic market. Traditional
orthopaedic enterprises and emerging enterprises have laid out the market one
after another. In the domestic sports medicine market in 2020, imports accounted
for 92%, with a growth rate of 23%; domestic products accounted for 8%, with a
growth rate of 66%. At present, sports medicine solutions in the domestic market
mainly focus on traditional anchors, interface screws, titanium plates with
loops and other implants, which are used to solve more than 80% of basic
arthroscopic surgery. Artificial ligament and biological tissue engineering
related products have become indispensable solutions in the future layout of
manufacturers, and are better choices for soft tissue injury repair. Second, the
current hot spot of orthopaedic medical device market in China (I) Policies
& regulations 1. Purchase with quantity In July 2019, the General Office of
the State Council issued the Reform Plan for the Control of High-value Medical
Consumables (No.37 issued by the State Office), which clearly explored the
centralized procurement of high-value medical consumables in accordance with the
principles of purchasing with quantity and linking quantity with price. This
will not only lead to the change of profit structure and the reduction of profit
margin, but also bring opportunities for the improvement of localization and
industry centralization, and domestic leading enterprises will be the biggest
beneficiaries. Since 2019, Yunnan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shandong have
successively carried out the work of purchasing with quantity. Among them, the
average decrease of joint purchasing in Anhui has reached 81%, the average
decrease of spine has exceeded 50%, and the highest decrease has reached 95%.
The average decrease of artificial hip prosthesis in Jiangsu is 47%; Shandong
joint procurement, the average decline of more than 86%, while the lowest price
of pottery to pottery products dropped to 4800 yuan, the highest reduction of
trauma reached 94%, the average price of universal locking bone plate was 2200.
In the provinces where purchasing with quantity has been carried out, the
average price drop is about 50%, while the largest single product drop is more
than 85%. From the perspective of bid-winning enterprises, import enterprises
have an average of 1-3 bid-winning enterprises in purchasing with quantity in
each province, while domestic enterprises have been selected more than 10 in
each province, of which leading enterprises have won more than 80%. In 2021, in
the face of the upcoming second batch of national unified procurement with
quantity, orthopaedic enterprises need to actively improve talent management and
innovative technology, develop differentiated products, so as to improve product
quality and brand competitiveness, and maintain their sustainable development.
2、UDI The unique identification of medical devices (UDI) is the identity card of
medical devices and the code to identify the uniqueness of medical devices. UDI
system plays a positive role in realizing the transparency of all aspects of the
whole life cycle of medical devices and improving the traceability of medical
devices. The "Key Tasks for Deepening the Reform of Medical and Health System in
the Second Half of 2020" issued in 2020 (No.25 issued by the State Office) put
forward that some key varieties such as high-value medical consumables should be
selected to implement the unique identification of medical devic es, so as to
link up their codes in registration, sale and use, so as to make them unique. To
realize the unified management of the production and circulation of medical
device consumables. Since the publication of the Pilot Work Program of the
Unique Identification System for Medical Devices National Health Commission in
2019, the pilot work of UDI in China has been officially launched. According to
the current needs of medical and health reform, 69 varieties of 9 categories,
including bone joint implants, spinal implants and joint replacement implants,
were selected as the first batch of medical devices. Select 108 users and 116
production and operation enterprises including 23 orthopaedic enterprises such
as Tianjin Zhengtian Medical Devices Co.,
titanium
plate gr7 ,
titanium bar
gr7, Ltd., Shandong Weigao Haixing Medical Devices Co., Ltd., Beijing Aikang
Yicheng Medical Devices Co and Dabo Medical Technology Co as the first batch of
pilot units for the sole identification of medical devices. Since the pilot work
was carried out, all parties have actively participated in and worked together
to basically build a unique identification system framework and a unique
identification data platform. The pilot orthopedic enterprises have basically
realized the functions of unique identification creation, code assignment and
data upload. The next step is to carry out the global pilot of unique
identification according to the work deployment, and explore and expand the
application of unique identification in medical treatment, medical insurance,
supervision and other fields. The construction of UDI system is a systematic
project to lay a foundation for long-term benefits. Orthopedic implant
enterprises should carry out the implementation of unique identification as
early as possible, actively explore the application mode of UDI in product
traceability and other fields, and give full play to the application value of
UDI. (II) Application of new technologies 1. Biodegradable materials At present,
the main materials of orthopedic implants are metal (titanium,
cobalt-chromium-molybdenum, stainless steel, etc.), PEEK, ceramics,
polyethylene, etc. However, with the gradual maturity of orthopedic implants,
especially for traumatic fractures, the homogeneity of traditional metal
implants among enterprises is obvious, so enterprises need to seek breakthroughs
to maintain their competitiveness. The development or use of new implant
materials has become a consensus among enterprises. Degradable materials have
broad application prospects because they can not only provide initial stability,
but also be degraded and absorbed after fracture healing, avoiding secondary
surgery. (1) Degradable metal material Degradable metal materials have good
mechanical property, mainly including magnesium, iron, zinc and their alloys.
The research of these materials is mainly focused on the internal fixation of
traumatic fractures. Among them, magnesium alloy has good biocompatibility and
its density is close to that of human bone, so it is the most widely studied. At
present, the European Union has approved the world's first magnesium alloy
degradable screw, but the degradation rate of magnesium metal is faster than the
formation rate of new bone, and the degradation products are easy to accumulate
around the tissue. Therefore, the degradation rate of magnesium alloys, the
mechanism and process of corrosion degradation in vivo, and the products need to
be further studied. The mechanical property and biocompatibility of zinc alloys
are similar to those of magnesium, and the metal inertness makes the degradation
rate of zinc alloys suitable. As an inorganic antibacterial material, zinc also
has certain antibacterial properties, and it is one of the essential elements
for human body, so zinc alloys are regarded as a new choice for degradable metal
materials in the future. At present, zinc alloy has been successfully used in
clinical cases of internal fixation of maxillofacial trauma fractures in China.
However, the research of zinc alloy is still in its infancy, and a lot of
research and clinical data are needed to support its safety and osteoinductive
mechanism. (2) Absorbable polymer material Absorbable polymer materials can be
decomposed into CO2 and H2O through a series of enzymes or chemical reactions in
vivo, and do not produce additional elements in vivo, so they have no toxic
effects on human body. Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used
absorbable polymer materials in the field of orthopaedics. It has good
biocompatibility and has been widely used in spine, trauma, sports medicine and
other fields. The original polylactic acid material has high brittleness, poor
toughness and residual fragments after degradation, and after copolymerization
with other monomers and process improvement, the extensibility of the material
is increased on the basis of maintaining the strength of the material, the
control of the degradation rate of the material to match with the regeneration
rate of bone tissues can be realized, and the material can be completely
degraded and absorbed. However, due to the poor mechanical property of polymer
absorbable materials, the mature products on the market are mainly
craniomaxillofacial and non-load-bearing bone fixations. With the upgrading of
technology, there is a process of high-strength absorbable polymer materials for
load-bearing parts, but to complete the transformation of products, a large
number of performance and safety validation are needed, which is an important
material in the field of orthopaedics and even biomedical engineering in the
future. Bone graft materials account for more than 50% of biomaterial
applications. At present, there are many kinds of bone graft materials on the
market, and autogenous bone is the most recognized choice for bone graft.
However, due to limited sources and greater trauma, clinical use is limited. In
addition, allogeneic bone and xenogeneic bone also account for a certain
proportion, and the largest share is artificial bone. Traditional artificial
bones mainly include tricalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, hydroxyapatite, etc.
On this basis, bioactive glass has established its dominant position in the bone
graft market by virtue of its good biocompatibility, osteogenic ability and
degradability. With the increase of choices and the complication of diseases,
the clinical requirements for products are also increasing. Therefore, on the
basis of the existing bioglass, it has become the main direction of research to
increase its toughness and plasticity and improve its osteogenic ability by
adding collagen, hyaluronic acid and other materials. In a word, the application
of absorbable polymer materials is a new trend of orthopaedic materials in the
future and has broad application prospects. 2. Digital orthopaedics The Outline
of the 14th Five-Year Plan mentions that in order to speed up the development of
digitalization and build a digital China, digital technology has also been
vigorously developed in the clinical application of orthopaedics in recent
years. Digital orthopaedics covers surgery from preoperative planning to
intraoperative navigation, as well as postoperative evaluation and
rehabilitation, and the integration of these treatment processes forms a digital
orthopaedic surgery platform. (1) Preoperative assistance Preoperative
assistance includes doctor-patient remote communication and consultation,
preoperative planning and other modules, and precise planning can be achieved
through three-dimensional reconstruction model, simulation training, AR
assistant diagnosis and other technologies. AR-assisted preoperative planning
can change the tradition of analyzing a large number of flat medical image data
before operation, import the image data into AR system, and realize the
information presentation of image data through image segmentation and
three-dimensional visualization technology. And the three-dimensional
reconstruction model can provide more accurate anatomical parameters for a
doctor, so that the doctor can more intuitively and comprehensively understand
the situation faced by the operation; and because a three-dimensional image is
closer to reality than plane data, the three-dimensional reconstruction model
can effectively shorten the learning curve of the doctor. At the same time,
through the virtual cutting function of three-dimensional model, doctors can
repeatedly carry out simulation training and communication. (2) Surgical robot
According to the open data of National Medical Products Administration, in 2020,
domestic enterprises obtained 12 registration certificates for orthopaedic
robots, including 3 navigation robots and the rest rehabilitation training
robots. According to the statistics of Persistence Market Research, in 2018, the
installed capacity of new orthopaedic robots in China was about 26, accounting
for less than 4% of the global total, and by 2019, it had reached 138,
accounting for about 12% of the global total of orthopaedic surgical robots. At
present, there are more than 20 enterprises carrying out robot research in
China, most of which are in the stage of prototype trial and clinical trial.
Surgical robot navigation or assisted surgery can help doctors achieve accuracy,
flexibility and minimally invasive operation, reduce radiation damage to doctors
during operation, and shorten the recovery time of patients after operation. At
present, the number of orthopaedic surgical robots in China is limited, the cost
of surgery is high, and the medical insurance reimbursement policy is imperfect.
Most of the leading international orthopedic enterprises enter the field of
robotics through mergers and acquisitions to consolidate the existing orthopedic
business. At the same time, in the future, robots may be integrated with the use
of orthopedic consumables, and enterprises need to advance the layout to ensure
that follow-up orthopedic products can maintain access to the use of surgical
platforms. With the deepening of clinicians'understanding of robots and the
support of policies for intelligent surgery, the clinical acceptance of surgical
robots is further improving. From the perspective of health economics,
robot-assisted surgery will have great social and economic benefits in the
future. III. Market Development Trend and Forecast According to the
"TheOrthopaedic Industry Annual Report 2020" report [5], in the global
orthopaedic market in 2019, the United States ranked first with a share of $33.1
billion, accounting for 62%; Central Europe ranked second with a share of 24%;
Of the 10% share in the Asia-Pacific region, China and Japan are the larger
single markets; the rest account for 4%. In 2020, in the global orthopedic
market, the joint market share is $16.1 billion, with a growth rate of -17.4%,
including $7.6 billion for knee replacement, $6.4 billion for hip replacement,
and $2 billion for limb joints; $7.9 billion for spine, with a growth rate of
-18.1%, and $7.3 billion for trauma, with an increase rate of -15.4%; Sports
medicine is 4.8 billion, with a growth rate of -17.3%. In the forecast of the
global orthopedic market in 2021, joint replacement is $19.5 billion, with a
growth rate of 21%, including $9.3 billion for knee joint, $7.8 billion for hip
joint, and $2.4 billion for limb joint; $9.6 billion for spine, with a growth
rate of 22%; $7.5 billion for trauma, with an increase of 19%; and $6 billion
for sports medicine, with an increase of 23%. In order to cope with the problem
of continuous expansion of orthopaedic patients caused by aging in China,
through investigating the mode of foreign patients'visits, it is found that the
number of day outpatient operations in the United States has exceeded 80% of the
total number of operations, and in the past 10 years, the number of registered
orthopaedic day outpatient clinics (including hospital outpatient clinics and
independent surgical centers) has increased exponentially. In 2020, nearly 10000
operations were carried out in orthopaedic day clinics, most of the sports
injury operations can be carried out in day clinics, and the number of joint
replacement and spinal orthopedics operations in day clinics is also gradually
increasing. Daytime outpatient service can reduce the average cost of
hospitalization by 20% -40% and the cost of medicine by 37% -55%, alleviate the
contradiction between supply and demand of medical resources, play an important
role in optimizing medical resources and improving medical efficiency, and also
have practical significance for the ongoing reform of medical supply side in
China. At present, the popularization rate of day surgery in China is low, the
payment and reimbursement policies are implemented according to outpatient
regulations, and there is no matching medical insurance payment system. In
addition, the nature of day surgery determines that patients leave the hospital
without full recovery, so the outpatient department carrying out day surgery
should ensure the safety and quality of the operation, do a good job of medical
advice after discharge and prevent possible complications. It can be predicted
that with the construction of medical information and the improvement of day
outpatient facilities, orthopaedic day surgery in China will enter a rapid
development stage, and the corresponding home care and rehabilitation service
market will further develop. Therefore, the field of orthopaedic medical devices
needs to further improve the medical system of "prevention, treatment and
health" to play a role in graded diagnosis and treatment. References [1] Xu
Shufu, General Manager of Zhengtian Business Department of Beijing Natong
Technology Group Co., Ltd., undergraduate; Li Renyao, General Manager of Small
Orthopaedics Business Department of Beijing Natong Technology Group Co.,
ti6al4v,
Ltd., graduate. [2] China Development Report 2020: Development Trends and
Policies of China's Aging Population [3] Publicly available information on OECD
official website [4] National Medical Products Administration public information
[5] "TheOrthopaedic Industry Annual Report 2020" back to Sohu, see more
Responsible Editor:.
yunchtitanium.com
Original Title: Titanium Welding Wire, Pure Titanium Wire, Titanium Alloy Wire
Classification-Specification-Application The application of titanium and
titanium alloy wire are introduced as follow In recent years, with the
continuous research and development of titanium, there are more and more kinds
of titanium materials, and titanium wire is one of the common titanium materials
in life. Generally speaking, titanium and titanium alloy wires refer to titanium
products supplied in the form of coils, as well as in the form of straight
wires. As far as the diameter size is concerned, the classification standard of
titanium wire and titanium rod is not strict. Different countries have different
standards. China's standard "GB3623-83" on wire only States that the diameter of
titanium and titanium alloy wire is not more than 6mm. Classification of
titanium wires According to the form of supply, it can be divided into disc wire
and straight wire. Divided into pure titanium wire and titanium alloy wire
according to the material According to the use, it can be divided into titanium
eyeglass wire, titanium hanger wire, medical titanium wire, titanium welding
wire and titanium wire for filtration. Titanium and titanium alloys can be made
into different wires according to their different properties. It is generally
divided into pure titanium wire, titanium alloy wire,
nickel
titanium wire, titanium straight wire, titanium welding wire,
titanium-coiled wire, titanium-bright wire and titanium-nickel alloy wire, each
of which has different uses. For example, pure titanium eyeglass wire is mainly
used to make eyeglass brackets,
ti6al4v
eli, titanium hanger wire is used to hang weight, and titanium-nickel alloy
wire is commonly used as memory alloy material. Titanium and titanium alloy wire
products are generally hard (Y) and annealed (M), and the surface can be divided
into pickled surface and bright surface. Specification of titanium wire A.
Specification of titanium wire: φ0.2-φ6.0mm B. Spectacles titanium wire
specification: φ1.0-φ6.0mm C. Specification of titanium wire for hanger:
φ0.2-φ8.0mm The state of titanium wire Annealing state (M) Hot working state (R)
Cold working state (Y) (annealing, ultrasonic inspection) The surface of the
titanium wire Acid washed surface Bright surface Application of titanium wire
Titanium wire also perfectly "inherits" the advantages of titanium and titanium
alloy, with a series of excellent characteristics such as good corrosion
resistance, high specific strength, non-magnetic, high biocompatibility, small
impedance to ultrasonic wave and good shape memory function. Therefore, titanium
and titanium alloy wires are widely used in aerospace, petrochemical,
3d titanium wire ,
nickel titanium wire, medical and
health, automotive, construction, sports and leisure products and many other
fields. Expand the full text Moreover, in recent years, due to its continuous
development, its variety has become more and more, which provides more choices
for its application in high-performance industrial products and consumer goods.
1. At present, more than 80% of titanium and titanium alloy wires in the market
are used as welding wires, such as welding of various titanium equipment, welded
pipes, casings, etc. 2. Because of its excellent corrosion resistance, titanium
wire has been widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical, papermaking and other
industries, and can be woven into mesh as seawater filter, pure water filter,
chemical filter and so on. 3. In the medical and health industry, because of its
excellent biocompatibility, titanium and titanium alloy wires are used to
manufacture medical devices, such as crown fixation and skull fixation implanted
in the human body. 4. Some titanium alloy wires with shape memory function, such
as titanium-nickel alloy wires, are used to make satellite antennas, shoulder
pads for clothes, bras for women, frames for glasses, etc. 5. Titanium wire is
also used to make fasteners, load-bearing components, springs and so on because
of its good comprehensive performance. 6. In the electroplating and water
treatment industry, titanium and titanium alloy wires are used to make various
electrodes. With the development of the national economy, the demand for
titanium and titanium alloy wires is increasing. At present, they are in short
supply and have great potential for development. Usage of titanium wire: mainly
used for welding of titanium alloy. Medical, sporting goods, glasses,
earrings,
titanium
exhaust tubing, headwear, electroplating hangers, welding wire and other
industries. Return to Sohu to see more Responsible Editor:.
yunchtitanium.com
Original title: Can I have a magnetic resonance examination with a titanium clip
in my body? The titanium clip is mainly composed of a clip made of titanium
alloy and a tail part of the titanium clip, and the two parts play a main role
in the titanium clip. Because its metal part is made of titanium alloy, it is
called "titanium clip". Titanium clips can be divided into two types: one is
metal titanium clips and the other is absorbable polymer clips (surgical
hemostatic clips). These clips will remain in the body after surgery! The main
application of titanium clip is titanium alloy, which is widely used in various
fields because of its high strength, good corrosion resistance and high heat
resistance! With the popularity of magnetic resonance, more and more patients
need magnetic resonance examination! Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely
used in clinical medicine and medical research due to its advantages of
non-radiation and high resolution. Magnetic resonance examination has the
advantages of high resolution, uniform magnetic field,
Titanium
6Al4V wire, fast scanning speed, relatively low noise and multi-directional
imaging. At the same time more sensitive to metal, because of the high magnetic
field, metal and magnetic resonance is an absolute taboo! Metal is attracted by
a strong magnetic field and moves,
titanium
sheet grade 5, which may have serious consequences and even endanger life.
Expand the full text Because the metal titanium clip is a non-ferromagnetic
metal, and the non-ferromagnetic material does not move or only moves slightly
in the magnetic field, it does not pose a threat to the examiner. So there are
titanium clips in the body to do magnetic resonance imaging! However, the
density of pure titanium is relatively high, which will produce less artifacts
in magnetic resonance imaging! The smaller artifacts produced will not affect
the diagnosis! According to Faraday's theorem,
titanium
plate gr7 ,
6al4v
titanium bar, a changing magnetic field causes a current to flow in a
conductor closed within the magnetic field. Therefore, gradient magnetic field
and radio frequency pulse can induce metal materials to produce current, and
then heat, so that the local temperature rises! Studies have shown that in
routine MR examination, the effect of eddy current heat generation of metal
materials is negligible (generally below 0.15 ° C) and will not cause harm to
human body! However, some experimental studies have shown that the artifacts of
titanium alloy implants on 3. 0 T MRI images are significantly greater than
those on 1. 5 T MRI images. This is due to the fact that after the metal object
enters the main magnetic field of the MRI system, the magnetic lines of force
are highly concentrated on the object, producing an additional strong magnetic
field around the object! Therefore, when patients have titanium clips in the
body, try to choose 1.5T magnetic field for nuclear magnetic resonance
examination without affecting the diagnostic results! Avoid interference from
artifacts! References: [1] Liu Guangshun, Ren Qingyun, Meng Lingqiang, Lei
Licun, Wang Yao. Influence of Dental Metallic Materials on Magnetic Resonance
Imaging [J]. West China Journal of Stomatology . 2010 (05) [2] [Group. Research
Progress and Application Status of Titanium Alloy [J]. Progress in titanium
industry . 2008 (02) [3] Li Hekun, Zhong Fuguang, Yang Sujin, Wu Xinxiang, Sun
Xiaoping, Li Guizhong, Deng Wei. Comparison of the effects of titanium clips and
absorbable clips after laparoscopic cholecystectomy [J]. Chinese Journal of
General Surgery . 2000 (09) [4] He Li,
titanium
tubing price, Yu Shenping, Meng Fei, Influence of metal on magnetic
resonance examination and related research progress [J]. International Journal
of Medical Radiology .2006 Articles you may be interested in after reading this
article: Return to Sohu to see more Responsible Editor:.
yunchtitanium.com
Original Title: Breakthrough in Additive Manufacturing Technology for Ti-6Al-4V
Electron Beam Fuse On May 11, 2021, the Antarctic Bear learned that recently,
Xi'an Zhirong Metal Printing System Co., Ltd. (Xi'an Zhirong) announced that it
had made a breakthrough in the manufacturing technology of titanium alloy
electron beam fuse additives, mastered the combination of printing process
parameters to achieve excellent mechanical properties, especially high fatigue
properties, and achieved excellent mechanical properties. It lays a solid
foundation for the application of electron beam fuse metal additive
manufacturing technology in large aviation titanium alloy load-bearing
structural parts. At the end of 2020, Xi'an Zhirong commissioned Shenyang
Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, to carry out X-ray
flaw detection and high-cycle fatigue limit test under different directions and
stress ratios by using Ti-6Al-4V alloy materials formed by ZcompleX3 electron
beam fuse metal additive manufacturing system developed and manufactured by
itself. After HIP treatment and double heat treatment of solid solution in
two-phase region and low temperature aging, the tension-tension and
tension-compression high cycle fatigue limits in X and Z directions of the
specimens are higher than the requirements of the technical standard for
Ti-6Al-4V bars, and the data consistency is excellent. ZcompleX3 Fuse Electron
Beam Metal Printer Test report issued by Shenyang Institute of Metal Research,
Chinese Academy of Sciences Electron Beam Fuse Additive Manufacturing Electron
beam fuse additive manufacturing (EBAM) is a cutting-edge technology in the
field of 3D printing with electron beam as the heat source. Only a few companies
in the world,
Titanium
6Al4V wire, such as Sciaky in the United States and Xi'an Zhirong in China,
can provide commercial products. Expand the full text The technical principle is
as follows: in a vacuum environment, an electron beam with high energy density
bombards a metal surface to form a molten pool, a metal wire is fed into the
molten pool through a wire feeding device and is molten, the molten pool moves
according to a pre-planned path, and the metal material is solidified and
accumulated layer by layer to form compact metallurgical bonding until a metal
part or blank is manufactured. Schematic diagram of electron beam fuse additive
manufacturing technology Shaanxi Satellite TV's Report on Xi'an Intelligent Fuse
Electron Beam Metal 3D Printing System in 2017 The characteristics of this
technology are very obvious,
nickel
titanium wire, such as printing in vacuum environment, effectively avoiding
the mixing of impurity elements, fast forming speed, high material utilization
rate, stainless steel fuse efficiency up to 15 kg/H, suitable for rapid
manufacturing of large structural parts, good consistency of forming process,
and so on; It can be used for additive manufacturing of functional gradient
materials (FGM) and metal matrix composites, as well as processing of refractory
metals such as tungsten, molybdenum,
3d titanium wire ,
titanium
bar grade 5, niobium and tantalum. However, the surface accuracy of the
parts is not high, and CNC processing is needed in the later stage. Some of the
metal parts printed by Xi'an Zhiyu Electron Beam Fuse have been machined by CNC
Titanium alloy 3D printing is a powerful tool in the field of aerospace. In
aviation manufacturing, foreign titanium alloy electron beam fuse additive
manufacturing technology has been successfully applied, such as Lockheed Martin
F35 stealth aircraft flaperon wing spar, vertical tail rear spar, Airbus
aircraft upper wing, etc. This application not only saves costs, but also
greatly improves the delivery time. The corresponding application in China is
still in a blank state. According to Antarctic Bear, Sciaky used electron beam
additive manufacturing (EBAM) technology to print more than 12000 pounds (5443
kilograms) of titanium in 2020. Lockheed Martin produces the F35 stealth
aircraft. Titanium is an important structural metal developed in the 1950s.
Titanium alloys are widely used in various fields because of their high
strength, good corrosion resistance and high heat resistance. For example, the
amount of titanium alloys in military aircraft can reach 20% -25% of the weight
of aircraft structure, and in aero-engines, the amount is generally 20% -30% of
the total weight of the structure. The first practical titanium alloy is
Ti-6Al-4V, which was successfully developed in the United States in 1954. It is
the trump card alloy in the titanium alloy industry, and many other titanium
alloys can be regarded as its modification. The use of this alloy has accounted
for 75% ~ 85% of all titanium alloys. The traditional processing method of
titanium alloy is difficult to process, the processing cycle is long, the
material utilization rate is low, and some large structures have complex shapes
or special specifications, which are difficult to achieve by forging. According
to statistics, the material utilization rate of large aviation titanium alloy
parts in China is very low, not more than 10% on average, and a large number of
tooling dies are needed for die forging and casting, which leads to the increase
of research and development costs. By using metal additive manufacturing
technology to produce titanium alloy parts, the integration of structure can be
realized, the cost and cycle can be reduced, the purpose of rapid response and
mold-free integrated manufacturing can be achieved, more than two-thirds of
materials can be saved, more than half of numerical control processing time can
be reduced, no mold is needed, and the development cost, especially the first
and small batch development cost, can be greatly reduced. About Xi'an Zhirong
Xi'an Zhirong Metal Printing System Co., Ltd. is one of the few metal 3D
printing technology companies focusing on the electron beam heat source
technology route in China. Its self-developed fuse-based electron beam metal
additive manufacturing system is suitable for high-speed and low-cost
manufacturing of large metal structural parts. In the field of fuse electron
beam metal printing technology and powder bed electron beam metal printing
technology,
titanium
bar gr5, it has the core technology of independent intellectual property
rights. It designs and produces the Zcomplex ® series of fusible electron beam
metal printing systems based on its leading EBVF3 ® technology platform and the
ZScan ® series of powder bed electron beam metal printing systems based on its
exclusive SmartBeam ® technology platform. In order to expand the application of
aviation titanium alloy structural parts with high material performance
requirements, especially those bearing fatigue loads, Xi'an Zhiyu Technology
Team has carried out a large number of research on titanium alloy electron beam
fuse additive manufacturing technology since 2017 and made a breakthrough by the
end of 2020. Return to Sohu to see more Responsible Editor:.
yunchtitanium.com
Original title: What are the advantages of titanium tubes in seawater
desalination equipment? In today's society where the water environment is under
stress, we are gradually realizing that desalination can alleviate the water
situation. So what is desalination equipment? Seawater desalination equipment
refers to the equipment specially used to desalinate seawater. Seawater
desalination mainly uses two methods to desalinate seawater, namely distillation
and reverse osmosis. Titanium tubes in seawater desalination equipment will
gradually replace the original copper alloy tubes. Compared with the two,
titanium tubes have the following advantages: 1. Under the same operating
conditions, the wall thickness of titanium pipe is thinner and the amount of
pipe used is less. Generally,
Titanium welding
pipe, the wall thickness of copper alloy pipe is 0. 9mm-1。 2mm; replaced by
titanium tube ? Where corrosion is low, the available wall thickness is 0. 5mm
thin-walled tube. And 2,
ti6al4v,
the titanium tube has good thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity of
titanium is 17 W/ (m · K), that of aluminum brass is 100 W/ (m · K), and that of
70/30 cupronickel is 29 W/ (m-k). The thermal conductivity of titanium is the
lowest. However, the use of thin-walled titanium tubes,
titanium tubing price ,
titanium round bar, although the
thermal conductivity is worse than that of aluminum brass, is comparable to that
of 90/10 cupronickel and better than that of 70/30 cupronickel. And 3, the cost
performance of the titanium tube is higher. The price of titanium tube can be
compared with that of copper alloy tube. Because of the low density of titanium,
the mass of titanium tube with the same length is only 50% of that of copper
alloy tube when the wall thickness of titanium tube is the same. When the wall
thickness of titanium pipe is 50% of that of Copper alloy tube, the mass of
titanium pipe with the same heat transfer area is only 1/4 of that. It can be
seen that titanium tubes are competitive in terms of price. And 4, the service
life of the titanium tube is longer. Because the seawater is often mixed with
sediment and marine organisms, they attach to the heat transfer tube and the
tube end, which will erode the copper alloy tube, and the copper alloy will also
be corroded by Br- in the seawater. However, in use, the hydrogen introduced
from the external environment is called external hydrogen, specifically, active
hydrogen atoms are generated on the surface of the metal through the following
ways, and then enter the metal: (1) Titanium equipment is placed in a medium
containing molecular hydrogen,
titanium
tubing price, such as a high temperature hydrogen atmosphere. (2) Hydrogen
produced by general corrosion or local corrosion of titanium is absorbed by
titanium. For example, crevice corrosion is often accompanied by hydrogen
absorption. (3) Hydrogen produced when titanium and electronegative metals are
subject to galvanic corrosion or cathodic protection. The latter two kinds of
hydrogen embrittlement caused by electrochemical corrosion of the cathode are
more frequent and can occur without high temperature and high pressure, which
should be paid more attention to. Return to Sohu to see more Responsible
Editor:.
yunchtitanium.com
Original title: Customize Mouse Buttons-X-Mouse Button Control Many famous
brands provide mouse control center software for users to customize buttons,
such as Logitech, Leibo, Shuangfeiyan and so on. But there are also many
five-button mice (DPI switch keys are not included) that do not have this kind
of software, such as SANWA SUPPLY,
custom tape
measure , which I am using, whose thumb side keys only have forward and
backward functions, which is very weak. The X-Mouse Button Control software
(hereinafter referred to as XMouse) introduced this time can replace the
functions of mouse keys, so that side keys can be simulated as other keys to
play more roles. In addition, get rid of the dependence on the manufacturer's
software, we can choose the mouse more freely to consider the feel, appearance
and other factors. Expand the full text XMouse provides three alternatives by
default (the number of alternatives that can be modified in the settings is 1 to
10). Each alternative is independent of each other and can be switched by
keyboard shortcuts (the shortcuts are customized in the settings). You can also
add a configuration file to make the alternative only work in a specific
program. Xmouse can simulate all the functions of a mouse and multimedia
keyboard, and is not limited to a single click. It not only allows the mouse
side button to act as the middle mouse button when drawing, but also simulates
holding down CTRL + SHIFT (mobile alert) or pressing S (stop) in Red Alert 2,
and can also use the side button to adjust multimedia volume and display
brightness. The way of playing is very rich and worth studying. Note that the
XMouse settings do not provide the option to boot. You can set the boot as
follows: Locate the 32bit (x86) or 64bit (x64) folder in the extracted folder
(depending on your operating system), then locate the XMouseButton Control. Exe
in it and create a shortcut; Enter C: \ ProgramData \ Microsoft \ Windows \
Start Menu \ Programs in the Explorer address bar and press Enter; Open the
"Startup" folder and copy the shortcut into it. Return to Sohu to see more
Responsible Editor:.
tape-measure.com
