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Creative Diagnostics is proud to announce Plaque Reduction Assay services to support antiviral research.
As an expert in providing solutions to assist virology and microbiology research, Creative Diagnostics is proud to announce the launch of its comprehensive suite of Plaque Reduction Assay services to support antiviral research. These new solutions offer researchers a powerful and well-established method for evaluating the efficacy of antiviral compounds.
Normal cells can absorb reactive dyes during metabolism, but when the cells are infected with a virus, they lose their ability to absorb the dye, resulting in the formation of colorless plaques. When a virus is neutralized by a specific antibody and then infects a cell, the number of cellular plaques formed decreases accordingly. Therefore, the titer of the antibody that neutralizes the virus can be calculated from the number of cellular plaques.
The Plaque Reduction Assay measures the efficiency with which the virus forms plaques in the presence of different concentrations of the assay. The time required for plaque visualization depends on the kinetics of viral replication and ranges from 24 hours to several weeks. Because plaques must be at least 1 mm wide to be accurately scored (especially by the naked eye), this analysis is typically performed on 24-well and 6-well plates, as any smaller wells may compromise readability and resolution.
The plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is a variant of the plaque reduction assay and is considered the gold standard for detecting neutralizing antibodies to certain viruses, such as dengue virus. The basic design of the PRNT is to generate virus-antibody interactions in test tubes or microtiter plates and then apply the mixture to virus-sensitive cells to measure the effect of the antibody on virus infectivity.
PRNT is a versatile tool in virology with applications in diagnosing viral infections, characterizing toxins, and vaccine development. It can be used to detect antibodies in a patient’s serum or identify viruses in diseased tissue, aiding in diagnosis. PRNT can also be utilized with antitoxin serum to identify and quantify bacterial toxins in pathological material. Furthermore, it is a valuable technique for determining the potency of antiviral serums and antitoxins, as well as identifying and classifying newly isolated viruses.
As a solution provider for virology and microbiology research, Creative Diagnostics offers comprehensive Plaque Reduction Assay services (e.g., PRNT) to empower researchers to accelerate breakthroughs in the field of virology. The company is dedicated to providing antiviral testing and customized early detection solutions to life science companies working in the field of antiviral and infectious disease diagnosis.
For viruses with only minor cellular lesions or viruses that take a long time to develop phagocytosis, Creative Diagnostics uses immunostaining of infected foci to provide faster results in a smaller format without sacrificing accuracy. The company also utilizes standard sera as a baseline for each result, allowing comparisons between laboratories and over time.
For more information about the Plaque Reduction Assay services, please visit https://antiviral.creative-diagnostics.com/plaque-reduction-assays.html.
About Creative Diagnostics
Headquartered in New York, Creative Diagnostics is a consulting and experimental service provider specializing in virology and microbiology. The company provides comprehensive solutions to conquer obstacles in virology and microbiology research, from high-security infrastructure provision, biosafety regulation elucidation, to expert viral system assistance.
Creative Diagnostics announces its new line of Norovirus VLP Antigens for in vitro diagnostics and vaccine research.
Creative Diagnostics, a leading manufacturer and supplier of antibodies, antigens and assay kits, is pleased to announce the availability of its new line of Norovirus VLP Antigens to accelerate in vitro diagnostics and vaccine research. These new antigens have been validated to a high level of confidence using electron microscopy.
Norovirus is a non-enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus of the family Caliciviridae and is the leading cause of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis worldwide. The infection is characterized by non-bloody diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain. The stability of viral particles is of particular interest because noroviruses are transmitted by the fecal-oral route and they can persist in the environment. Studies of the assembly and degradation of norovirus capsids have relied heavily on norovirus-like particles.
The norovirus genome is 7.4-7.7 kb in size and has three open reading frames (ORFs). Nonstructural proteins, such as RNA-dependent polymerase (RdRp), are encoded by ORF1, while structural proteins are encoded by ORF2 (VP1) and ORF3 (VP2). Structural analysis of noroviruses has shown that each viral capsule consists of 90 dimers of VP1 with T = 3 icosahedral symmetry. Various expression systems have been developed to produce viral capsids in the form of virus-like particles (VLPs).
Noroviruses are classified into genomic groups and genotypes based on the amino acid diversity of the VP1 protein. According to this system, the genus Norovirus is divided into 10 genomes (GI-GX) and 49 genotypes (9 GI, 27 GII, 3 GIII, 2 GIV, 2 GV, 2 GVI, and 1 each of GVII, GVIII, GIX [formerly GII.15 ], and GX), of which the genomes known to be infectious to humans include GI, GII, GVIII, and GIX. GII.4 is of particular importance as it has caused numerous outbreaks worldwide over the years and is believed to be the primary cause of human infections.
Creative Diagnostics now offers a series of yeast-expressed Norovirus VLP antigens for in vitro diagnostic and vaccine studies, including Recombinant Norovirus GI.1 VLP, Recombinant Norovirus GII.3 VLP, and Recombinant Norovirus GII.17 VLP. These antigens have been validated with high confidence by electron microscopy and provide researchers and diagnosticians with a powerful tool for studying and detecting Norovirus infections. Creative Diagnostics’ team of experts is also available to assist researchers in selecting the most suitable antigens for their specific studies.
The purified Norovirus VLP Antigens are an example of Creative Diagnostics’ commitment to providing innovative and reliable products to the research and diagnostic communities. Its team has worked diligently to develop antigens that are not only highly specific but also offer excellent sensitivity, making them ideal for a wide range of diagnostic and research applications.
Creative Diagnostics offers a comprehensive range of Norovirus VLP Antigens catering to diverse research needs. For more information on the new antigens, please visit https://www.creative-diagnostics.com/new-norovirus-vlp-antigens.htm.
About Creative Diagnostics
Creative Diagnostics is a leading manufacturer and supplier of antibodies, viral antigens, innovative diagnostic components, and critical assay reagents. In addition to providing contract RD and biologic manufacturing services for diagnostic manufacturers along with GMP biologics manufacturing for the biopharmaceutical market, the company aims to continue to act as a trusted source for all researchers’ assay development and manufacturing needs.