© Copyright khedmeh Wall
This is how this process goes on
Launch by feeding a specific water quantum to the division coliseum that will form a water seal.
Later, feed impure Oil to the center of the division coliseum.
Water and sludge will accumulate to the edge of the division coliseum during the separation process.
Clean Oil will enter the division by use of integrated shearing discs.
Redundant water and sludge exit the division coliseum via the water or sludge outlets and head into the sludge tank.
The Oil feed will come to a stop after the set time between the discharge intervals.
Later, you'll add relegation water into the division coliseum.
Relegation water will lower Oil loss through the sludge discharge faucets.
Also you'll spark the sludge discharge as the relegation water flows.
After this, the coming process cycle begins by adding water to form a new water seal.
What are Some Safety Features of An Oil Purifier?
These features will cover the drivers and enhance the Oil sanctification process.
They include
Exigency thickets that will regulate the speed.
A water transducer that prevents water from mixing with the Oil.
Low- pressure switches that are in the outlet for the clean Oil that prevents Oil from leaving the system with water.
A high- pressure switch will discourage water to come into the clean Oil outlet with the clean Oil.
With a continued focus on carbon emigrations and creating a more sustainable earth, businesses each around the world are seeking new ways to ameliorate their environmental impact.
For the pharmaceutical assiduity, this has led to enterprise around waste reduction and dwindling the use of power, air or water used on a product line.
But it’s in packaging that pharma must break new ground. When it comes to drug, pharmaceutical packaging is an necessary necessity; a vital element of the product process designed to safely transport a medicine from patron to case.
“ When a pharmaceutical patron needs to pack a medicine or drug and in the product line is a patch in lozenge or greasepaint form, it's generally packed into a fester,” explains Xavier Martelli, proprietor at Pharmaflex, a mate to leading pharmaceutical outfit supplier Hapa. “ This is generally made up of two rudiments, a plastic film and an aluminium antipode. The film will be formed in order to produce a depression where the lozenge sits and the depression is sealed on top by antipode.
“ To achieve that, the pharma company must buy aluminium rolls, with the maturity of the antipodepre-printed by a printing establishment with applicable information similar as the medicine and manufacturer name and conceivably nonsupervisory details.
“ It means that pharma companies are copping thousands of lower rolls and every product process involves chancing the corresponding roll in their stock, putting it on the machine and producing it. When the lot is finished, they take back what remains of the roll to stock. They've been doing that for the once 60 times or so.”
The result is an increase in waste, plus a considerable number of truck deliveries of aluminium rolls, a process which numerous agree isn't the most sustainable or provident. In fact, companies are occasionally entering deliveries of aluminium antipode multiple times a month, meaning there are more exchanges on the road every day.
“ When a supplier is publishing aluminium antipode, they're also wasting large quantities of antipode,” says Martelli. “ This is because during printing you need to feed a big printing machine with a lot of antipode before being suitable to do the proper register of the printing and to achieve the right quality. So every time a company receives 100 rolls, they may have on average 12 which are going in the caddy.”
Environmental impact of pharmaceutical packaging
Although nonsupervisory bodies are asking the assiduity to reduce their packaging operation, they are n’t making suggestions around how this can be done. Sustainability enterprise are entirely over to the patron.
It seems doubtful that the assiduity will move down from aluminium antipode. Thanks to its superior hedge parcels, aluminium foils remains the material of choice for pharma. Impenetrable to humidity, oxygen and other feasts, as well asmicro-organisms and light, aluminium antipode helps to keep drug in perfect condition for longer.
But there's a way to reap the prices of aluminium antipode, whilst reducing the environmental impact of packaging product.
“ With Hapa’s in- house medicinal antipode printing result, a client is equipped with a product line using an on- point machine which is suitable to publish on aluminium antipode. It means the pharma company no longer needs aluminium antipode deliveries each week and those 12 rolls that are going to scrap, no longer live. That waste is principally excluded, enabling a slender product,” says Martelli.
“ A pharmaceutical company can also significantly reduce the quantum of aluminium antipode which they've in their stock, helping to minimise a lot of force chain difficulties and manage SKU complexity. When you pasture only blank antipode, you keep a outside of five rolls, with the only difference being their range, leading to just three or four deliveries a time, rather of further than 50.
“ Also, larger volumes of unprinted antipode is less expensive to buy than lower, customised antipode rolls.”
Green side goods
Hapa’s in- house printing outfit removes packaging complexity from product and helps to deliver significantly bettered situations of functional effectiveness. In fact, the company’s entire suite of products can help to increase productivity and ameliorate sustainability, with digital, flexographic, and mongrel systems furnishing pharma enterprises with plenitude of choice for a result that works for them.
According to Martelli “ All Hapa machines, when installed on a product line, give environmental benefits. The green side effect is always there, but it’s not measured and guests are frequently not apprehensive that they live.
“ It isn't possible to measure the overall CO2 saving, but companies can get a reasonable overview by looking at how numerous deliveries they've each time. Every time you have a delivery, there's a vehicle driving a large distance to deliver the products, so you can calculate how important CO2 the truck emits per km.
“ When you're reducing your 100 or so deliveries a time to around five with in- house printing, you can measure just one of the ways you're making a significant CO2 saving by switching to Hapa.”
A Pipeline is a round tubular for the circulation of fluids and gasses, defined by a small pipeline dimension giving a harsh representation of the pipe transportation ability; a Tube is a round, rectangular, square or oblong hollow sector identified by outdoors diameter and wall density, stood for in inches or millimeters.
The options might appear overwhelming when picking a tubes type; both light weight aluminum and stainless-steel can be found in a variety of alloys as well as moods, each with their own physical and also mechanical homes. That metal has particular basic properties to all of its alloys.
Why Light weight aluminum?
Light weight aluminum is noteworthy for its low density and also its building to withstand deterioration through the passivation process. Aluminum and its alloys are necessary to the aerospace market as well as are significant in the vehicle and also structure sectors, such as frontage layout and window frameworks. The most essential elements in aluminum are the oxides and also sulfates.
Aluminum tubing extends from consumer things, recreational goods as well as device components and vehicle as well as production across a wide range of commercial applications. Distributors respect aluminum for its stamina, since it is only one percent of the steel weight. Due to this functional blend of stamina and also flexibility a number of structures profit from the reliable use of light weight aluminum tubing. Aluminum tubing, given its lightweight, supplies a better quantity of tubing per weight than steel. Many items take advantage of using a lighter tubing material, particularly those needing a flexibility level such as mobility devices as well as exterior home furnishings.
For the tubing and pipeline one of the most typical aluminum alloys are 2024, 3003, 5052, 6061, 7075. Aluminum extremely well takes in aluminum warm making tubes which is a terrific candidate for temperature control applications such as fridges, solar energy as well as cooling systems. The light-weight and strength of the aluminum tubes usually results from items such as hydraulic systems, fuel lines, dental braces, and also frames. Aluminum belongs of various alloys. Light weight aluminum develops strong alloys, with a number of differences of magnesium and silicon. Because of its raised weldability as well as superior tolerance to corrosion, producers utilize the aluminum square tube alloy 6061 for several medium-to high-strength applications. It is also the light weight aluminum tube type which is least pricey to utilize.
Where are Light Weight Aluminum Tubes and Pipelines utilized?
Light weight aluminum pipe and also aluminum tube are primarily utilized for various industrial or building usages, but using light weight aluminum pipe as well as the light weight aluminum tube is also easily accepted by home owners and also car manufacturers as well as has been modified for common family usage.
In the need to interior furnishings aluminum pipelines are additionally utilized. Things are typically constructed of wrought iron from canopy beds as well as night table. Light weight aluminum tubes are a lightweight option which gives a futuristic feeling to the room. To threaded forms of tubes a variety of bolts are offered. Aluminum Pipe is a machined component commonly used for all types of industrial projects where light-weight and also deterioration resistance are the primary issue. Printed in both 6061-T6 as well as 6063-T6, 6063 has a smoother texture than 6061 and also is more bendable.
Aluminium extrusion is among the most prominent forms of aluminium products. Extruded aluminium products are being utilized around the world every day in cutting-edge application areas. The possibilities for utilizing aluminium profiles have no bounds. They are used for their toughness, flexibility, toughness and sustainability in a number of end user markets such as construction, transport, electric, equipment as well as consumer durables. They are 100% recyclable as well as the processing is simple and also releases little harmful gasses.
Information
Aluminium extrusion is changing steel in transport as well as building field mostly for its lightweight as well as corrosion resistance quality along with limitless recyclability. Structure as well as building and construction sector is the most significant market for aluminium extrusion. Concerning 65% of the aluminium material in construction is estimated to be reused yearly. Its use in building and construction is anticipated to boost in doors, home windows, panels, windows frameworks, ladders, as well as bridges in close to term.
Here is a listing of top 5 leading aluminium extrusion produces worldwide. The checklist is based upon sales quantities and also the industry protection and also is dynamic relying on transforming market problems.
Sapa Extrusion
Currently sapa is the world leader in aluminium services-- a brand-new business that has actually merged the aluminium extrusion organizations of Sapa and also Hydro. With each other, the business represent the biggest share in the aluminium extrusion market. Sapa creates extruded aluminium profiles, semi-finished elements, system options and also finished products according to client's demand. Sapa's extruded aluminium profiles are made use of as elements in practically all readily available end usage applications including structures, autos, sectors, machines etc. With the help of their international reach and neighborhood existence in extrusion, developing systems and also precision tubes, Sapa has actually had the ability to achieve an internet sales turn over of NOK 55 billion in 2015. The business has 23,000 workers in greater than 40 countries and headquarters in Oslo.
Light weight aluminum is a genuinely exceptional steel. Due to its trademark residential properties (pliability, rust and also deterioration resistance, etc) many people have actually taken aluminum as well as have used it for numerous applications. If you resemble many, it can be tough to recognize exactly what usings aluminum coil are. Do not worry. Wrisco has actually prepared a small checklist of markets and also techniques that depend on light weight aluminum coil to get the job done. So if you wonder to understand what usings light weight aluminum coil are, then continue reading below.
USINGS ALUMINUM COIL
TRANSPORTATION
You may be shocked to figure out that the construction of most types of transportation is actually made with aluminum coil. Transportation automobiles such as cars and automobiles are made from light weight aluminum coils. This is due to the fact that such automobiles will certainly need components that are light-weight, durable and also not rust conveniently considering that they will be used daily. Parts of many transportation vehicles that depend on aluminum coil for building and construction include engine parts, air conditioning unit, radiators, wheel hubs, auto doors as well as much more.
BUILDING DECORATION
Thanks to its corrosion resistance, strength, as well as amazing handling and also welding performance, aluminum coil will be often used a great deal for building decoration. Besides surface area design, the majority of structure projects rely on light weight aluminum coil to help create frameworks, doors, windows, ceilings, curtain wall profiles, pressure plates, color finish sheets, and so on.
ELECTRONIC APPLIANCES
Although this metal is not as electrically conductive as copper, aluminum coils are often made use of within lots of electronics. Aluminum is commonly particularly made use of in circuitry as their corrosion resistance assurances that cords will last for a very long time. This is why items such as high-voltage line and also ac system with electric elements are able to stand up to the elements for a very long time. This is why most electronic devices, in general, have a relatively lengthy lifespan.
FOOD MARKET
The major reason that food cans are made with aluminum coils is as a result of light weight aluminum's pliability, rust as well as rust resistance. Thanks to its pliability, light weight aluminum cans are able to be quickly made in mass amounts. Because of its rust and also rust resistance, light weight aluminum has the ability to ensure that the food within the can will have the ability to stay fresh for a very long time. Besides containers, light weight aluminum coils aid in the manufacturing of lid caps, containers and other packaging.
AND ALSO A LOT MORE
Light weight aluminum is such a flexible metal. Because of this, light weight aluminum coils are utilized for a wide array of factors. Though we have listed some applications over, there are much more markets and methods that light weight aluminum coils are used for. If you locate that you need a steel kind to aid assist you in the production or feature of a particular item or product, you very likely could simply benefit from acquiring aluminum coil.
The most famous brands of pots and pans have long chosen aluminum to realise their best products. For aluminum is a good material, it’s durable in strength, hot-resistant from high temps, especially for aluminum coil.
Perhaps not everyone knows that, to produce a pot, it is necessary to start from the production of a circle.
What are the main features that made aluminium so popular in the cookware sector?
The answer can be firstly researched in the main characteristics of this material. Aluminum is lightweight and it allows to manufacture a very manageable product. It is also 100% recyclable, hygienic, resistant to impact and corrosion. Aluminum uniformly distribute heat on the entire surface of the pan, therefore improving the cooking of different types of food.
How aluminum circles are made?
After the hot rolling process, a cold rolling phase reduces aluminum to the thickness our customers require. The coil pass then through a press where circles are sheared off in the needed diameter. The Aluminum circles are finally placed in an oven for the annealing process: this gives the metal the right mechanical properties, making deformation (deep-drawing) feasible in order to obtain the desired pan or pot.
What is the main strength of Lanren Sottile?
The process created and developed by Laren Sottile implies that the circles, rather than being stacked and then annealed in a chamber furnace, are on the contrary subjected to annealing in a conveyor furnace (flash annealing). This makes the aluminum grains finer and with more homogeneous size, thus determining better mechanical properties of the final product. After the annealing, the circles finally pass through a levelling machine to obtain perfect flatness.
What are the advantages ?
The circles are perfectly flat and separated (not stuck), unlike those cooked in the chamber oven after stacking.
The circles are suitable for automated supply systems for the production lines: they do not slow down the line and do not need manual separation.
The better mechanical characteristics of our product make the circles’ roughness much uniform after the mechanical sanding process (used by Customers manufacturing pots/pans lacquered with antisticking or protective coatings).
The flash annealing gives a better metallurgical structure and mechanical characteristics, allowing the metal higher drawing capabilities.
The most famous brands of pots and pans have long chosen aluminum to realise their best products. For aluminum is a good material, it’s durable in strength, hot-resistant from high temps, especially for aluminum coil.
categories, that is, nine series:
（1）Series1000, representing the 1000 series of aluminium coils, is also known as pure aluminium coils. Among all
series, the 1000 series belongs to the series with the largest aluminium content. The purity can reach over 99.00%.
Because it does not contain other technical elements, the production process is relatively simple and the price is
relatively cheap. It is the most commonly used series in conventional industries.
（2）Series 2000 representing Series 2A16 (LY16) 2A06 (LY6) 2000 is characterized by high hardness, of which
copper content is the highest, about 3-5%. Series 2000 aluminium coil belongs to aviation aluminium material,
which is not often used in conventional industry.
（3） 3000 series represents 3003 3003 3A21 mainly. It can also be called anti-rust aluminium coil. The production
process of 3000 series aluminium coil in our country is excellent. 3000 series aluminium coils are mainly composed
of manganese. The content ranged from 1.0 to 1.5. It is a series with better rust-proof function. Conventional applications
in air conditioning, refrigerators, car bottoms and other humid environment, the price is higher than 1000 series, is a
more commonly used alloy series.
（4）The aluminium coils of series 4 and 4,000, representing the 4A01 and 4,000 series, belong to the series with
high silicon content. Usually the silicon content is between 4.5 and 6.0%. It belongs to building materials, mechanical
parts, forging materials, welding materials, low melting point, good corrosion resistance.
（5）5000 series represents 5052.5005.5083.5A05 series. 5000 series aluminium coil belongs to the more commonly
used alloy aluminium coil series, the main element is magnesium, the content of magnesium is between 3-5%. It can
also be called Al-Mg alloy.
（6）6000 series represents 6061 mainly contains magnesium and silicon. Therefore, 6061 series of 4000 and 5000
Series is a cold-treated aluminum forging product, which is suitable for applications requiring high corrosion resistance
and oxidation resistance.
（7）7000 series representing 7075 mainly contains zinc. Also belongs to the aviation series, is Al-Mg-Zn-Cu alloy, is
heat-treatable alloy, belongs to superhard aluminum alloy, has good wear resistance.
（8）8000 Series 8011 belongs to other series. Most applications are aluminum foil. Not very often.
（9）Series 9,9000 belongs to the standby series. The International Aluminum Coil and Strip Federation indicates
that the 9000 series is the standby series.
Every editorial product is independently selected. Ratings and prices are accurate and items are in stock as of time of publication.
aluminum
FABRIKASIMF/SHUTTERSTOCK
Finally! One of your most pressing cooking quandaries, answered.
It’s a well-established question and one that we’ve been too afraid to ask our mothers: Should we use the shiny or the dull side of aluminum foil when we cook? And have we been doing it wrong this entire time?!
Concerned cooks, you can breathe a sigh of relief: As it turns out, there’s no “correct” side of aluminum foil to use when cooking so using it on either side is not one of the cooking mistakes that could ruin your food. According to the Huffington Post, they’re both equally effective at heating your food—so just choose whatever side you prefer.
If there’s no trick to it, then why, exactly, does aluminum foil have a shiny and a dull side in the first place? Experts at Reynold’s Kitchen say that the difference between the two sides is due to a manufacturing process called milling, during which heat and tension is applied to stretch and shape the foil. Two layers of foil are pressed together and milled at the same time, because otherwise, it would break.
“Where the foil is in contact with another layer, that’s the ‘dull’ side,” Reynold’s explains. “The ‘shiny’ side is the side milled without being in contact with another sheet of metal. The performance of the foil is the same, whichever side you use.” To know more knowledge about aluminum products like aluminum plate, consult with Lanren Aluminum.
Aluminum offers a multitude of benefits, including being lightweight and having high corrosion resistance. It comes in the form of plates or sheets, both of which can continuously be recycled without any loss of properties, and can be used for a wide array of industrial applications.
Plates and Sheets
As aluminum moves between rolls under pressure, it becomes longer and thinner, thus resulting in Aluminum Plate or sheets. One of the main differences between Aluminum Plate and sheets is that sheet metal is under .249” thick, while plate metal is .250” and above.. Another difference between Aluminum Plate and sheets has to do with the distinct applications for which they are used.
Sheets
Sheet is the form of aluminum that is used the most often. You can find it in all of the major markets of the aluminum industry. For instance, aluminum sheet is useful for manufacturing packages and cans in the packaging industry. It is also valuable for manufacturing tractor trailers and automobile body panels in the transportation industry. Sheets are also useful for cookware and home appliances, as well as for construction/building products, such as carports, awnings, roofing, gutters, and siding.
Sheet aluminum can even be given blue, red, gold, or black colors, for instance, through color anodizing. It can also be etched to feature a matte finish, or be polished to feature a bright, sparkling appearance. Aluminum sheets may additionally be made to resemble wood through texturing.
Plates
Aluminum plate is the most often used for heavy-duty applications, particularly in the transportation product manufacturing, aerospace and military industries. Since certain aluminum alloys have the potential to become more durable at extremely cold temperatures, Aluminum Plate serve as the skin of spacecraft fuel tanks and jets, and can also be useful for storage tanks. Moreover, you can use Aluminum Plate in the manufacture of structural sections used in ships and railcars and for military vehicle armor.
Howard Precision offers aluminum plate along with many other forms of aluminum products that are designed to suit your specific needs. Our company focuses on providing quality so our customers can have access to top-tier aluminum products each time they need them.
There are few things you might want to know about Aluminium Alloy Magnesium Wire.
Q - I have been informed that pure aluminum is not usually used for structural applications and that in order to produce aluminum that is of adequate strength for the manufacture of structural components, it is necessary to add other elements to the aluminum. What elements are added to these aluminum alloys? What affect do they have on the material’s performance? And in what applications are these alloys used?
A - Your acquired information is essentially correct. It would be very unusual to find pure aluminum (1xxx series of alloys) chosen for structural fabrication because of their strength characteristics. Although the 1xxx series are almost pure aluminum, they will respond to strain hardening and especially so if they contain appreciable amounts of impurities such as iron and silicon. However, even in the strain-hardened condition, the 1xxx series alloys have very low strength when compared to the other series of aluminum alloys. When the 1xxx series alloys are chosen for a structural application, they are most often chosen for their superior corrosion resistance and/or their high electrical conductivity. The most common applications for the 1xxx series alloys are aluminum foil, electrical buss bars, metallizing wire and chemical tanks and piping systems.
The addition of alloying elements to aluminum is the principal method used to produce a selection of different materials that can be used in a wide assortment of structural applications.
If we consider the seven designated aluminum alloy series used for wrought alloys, we can immediately identify the main alloying elements used for producing each of the alloy series. We can then go further and examine each of these elements’ effects on aluminum. I have also added some other commonly used elements and their effects on aluminum.
Series Primary Alloying Element
1xxx Aluminum - 99.00% or Greater
2xxx Copper
3xxx Manganese
4xxx Silicon
5xxx Magnesium
6xxx Magnesium and Silicon
7xxx Zinc
The principal effects of alloying elements in aluminum are as follows:
Copper (Cu) 2xxx – The aluminum-copper alloys typically contain between 2 to 10% copper, with smaller additions of other elements. The copper provides substantial increases in strength and facilitates precipitation hardening. The introduction of copper to aluminum can also reduce ductility and corrosion resistance. The susceptibility to solidification cracking of aluminum-copper alloys is increased; consequently, some of these alloys can be the most challenging aluminum alloys to weld. These alloys include some of the highest strength heat treatable aluminum alloys. The most common applications for the 2xxx series alloys are aerospace, military vehicles and rocket fins.
Manganese (Mn) 3xxx – Aluminium Alloy Magnesium Wire The addition of manganese to aluminum increases strength somewhat through solution strengthening and improves strain hardening while not appreciably reducing ductility or corrosion resistance. These are moderate strength nonheat-treatable materials that retain strength at elevated temperatures and are seldom used for major structural applications. The most common applications for the 3xxx series alloys are cooking utensils, radiators, air conditioning condensers, evaporators, heat exchangers and associated piping systems.
Silicon (Si) 4xxx – The addition of silicon to aluminum reduces melting temperature and improves fluidity. Silicon alone in aluminum produces a nonheat-treatable alloy; however, in combination with magnesium it produces a precipitation hardening heat-treatable alloy. Consequently, there are both heat-treatable and nonheat-treatable alloys within the 4xxx series. Silicon additions to aluminum are commonly used for the manufacturing of castings. The most common applications for the 4xxx series alloys are filler wires for fusion welding and brazing of aluminum.
Magnesium (Mg) 5xxx - The addition of magnesium to aluminum increases strength through solid solution strengthening and improves their strain hardening ability. These alloys are the highest strength nonheat-treatable aluminum alloys and are, therefore, used extensively for structural applications. The 5xxx series alloys are produced mainly as sheet and plate and only occasionally as extrusions. The reason for this is that these alloys strain harden quickly and, are, therefore difficult and expensive to extrude. Some common applications for the 5xxx series alloys are truck and train bodies, buildings, armored vehicles, ship and boat building, chemical tankers, pressure vessels and cryogenic tanks.
Magnesium and Silicon (Mg2Si) 6xxx – The addition of magnesium and silicon to aluminum produces the compound magnesium-silicide (Mg2Si). The formation of this compound provides the 6xxx series their heat-treatability. The 6xxx series alloys are easily and economically extruded and for this reason are most often found in an extensive selection of extruded shapes. These alloys form an important complementary system with the 5xxx series alloy. The 5xxx series alloy used in the form of plate and the 6xxx are often joined to the plate in some extruded form. Some of the common applications for the 6xxx series alloys are handrails, drive shafts, automotive frame sections, bicycle frames, tubular lawn furniture, scaffolding, stiffeners and braces used on trucks, boats and many other structural fabrications.
Zinc (Zn) 7xxx – The addition of zinc to aluminum (in conjunction with some other elements, primarily magnesium and/or copper) produces heat-treatable aluminum alloys of the highest strength. The zinc substantially increases strength and permits precipitation hardening. Some of these alloys can be susceptible to stress corrosion cracking and for this reason are not usually fusion welded. Other alloys within this series are often fusion welded with excellent results. Some of the common applications of the 7xxx series alloys are aerospace, armored vehicles, baseball bats and bicycle frames.
Iron (Fe) – Iron is the most common impurity found in aluminum and is intentionally added to some pure (1xxx series) alloys to provide a slight increase in strength.
Chromium (Cr) – Chromium is added to aluminum to control grain structure, to prevent grain growth in aluminum-magnesium alloys, and to prevent recrystallization in aluminum-magnesium-silicon or aluminum-magnesium-zinc alloys during heat treatment. Chromium will also reduce stress corrosion susceptibility and improves toughness.
Nickel (Ni) – Nickel is added to aluminum-copper and to aluminum-silicon alloys to improve hardness and strength at elevated temperatures and to reduce the coefficient of expansion.
Titanium (Ti) – Titanium is added to aluminum primarily as a grain refiner. The grain refining effect of titanium is enhanced if boron is present in the melt or if it is added as a master alloy containing boron largely combined as TiB2. Titanium is a common addition to aluminum weld filler wire as it refines the weld structure and helps to prevent weld cracking.
Zirconium (Zr) – Zirconium is added to aluminum to form a fine precipitate of intermatallic particles that inhibit recrystallization.
Lithium (Li) - The addition of lithium to aluminum can substantially increase strength and, Young’s modulus, provide precipitation hardening and decreases density.
Lead (Pb) and Bismuth (Bi) – Lead and bismuth are added to aluminum to assist in chip formation and improve machinability. These free machining alloys are often not weldable because the lead and bismuth produce low melting constituents and can produce poor mechanical properties and/or high crack sensitivity on solidification.
Summary:
There are many aluminum alloys used in industry today - over 400 wrought alloys and over 200 casting allloys are currently registered with the Aluminum Association. Certainly one of the most important considerations encountered during the welding of aluminum is the identification of the aluminum base alloy type to be welded. If the base material type of the component to be welded is not available through a reliable source, it can be difficult to select a suitable welding procedure. There are some general guidelines as to the most probable type of aluminum used in different applications, such as those mentioned above. However, it is very important to be aware that incorrect assumptions as to the chemistry of an aluminum alloy can result in very serious effects on the weld performance. It is strongly recommended that positive identification of the type of aluminum be made and that welding procedures be developed and tested in order to verify weld performance.